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miércoles, 25 de julio de 2007

EMILY DICKINSON





Emily Dickinson, la poeta reclusa, la monja de Amherst, la mujer de blanco. Sus biógrafos la describen como un ser solitario, casi enfermizo, extremadamente tímido, encerrada en su cuarto, escribiendo febrilmente día y noche, ajena al mundo y a todo lo que no fuera la literatura. Otros, en cambio, dicen que fue una mujer rebelde y excéntrica, con un gran sentido del humor, alguien que fabricó voluntariamente su imagen, moldeó su destino. También hay quien asegura que todo, su poesía y su vida, fue el fruto de un amor imposible, o de varios amores imposibles, hacia hombres casados, o hacia Sue Gilbert-Huntington, su vecina, amiga más querida y finalmente, su cuñada.

Emily Dickinson, nació en Amherst, una pequeña ciudad de Massachussets, Estados Unidos, en 1830. Y murió en esa misma ciudad, en su casa natal, en 1886.
Tuvo dos hermanos, Austin, un año mayor y Lavinia, tres años menor que ella, que tampoco se casó y vivió junto a Emily. Fue Lavinia quien tras la muerte de su hermana, al ordenar sus papeles, encontró los poemas, muchos atados en fascículos, como preparados para publicarse. Lavinia, entonces, decidió sacarlos a la luz, a pesar de las opiniones en contra de la misma familia y de otras personas cercanas a los Dickinson.
En vida de Emily, sólo fueron publicados siete poemas suyos; el resto, más de 1770, se publicó después de su muerte.

La vida de Emily Dickinson fue una extraña vida de reclusa voluntaria. Vestía de blanco como una monja, apenas salía de su casa, cultivaba su jardín; no se casó, ni tuvo hijos.
La biblioteca de su padre, un eminente abogado y hombre público; su firme educación religiosa – aunque ella jamás abrazó la religión-; su fugaz paso por la Academia y el Seminario femenino, no alcanzan a explicar cómo, esa señorita provinciana, pudo escribir unos poemas que hoy, más de 150 años después, siguen asombrando por su atrevimiento, su grado de experimentación con el lenguaje y por su modernidad


La vida misma de Dickinson se convirtió en una especie de novela o poema narrativo en el que, a través de una serie de maniobras extraordinariamente complejas, ayudada por los disfraces que tenía a mano, esta poeta ingeniosa representó y acabó resolviendo sus ansiedades hacia el arte y su furia por la subordinación femenina...sus poemas constituyen el “diálogo” de una ficción extendida cuyo tema es la vida de esa persona supuesta que originalmente se llamaba Emily Dickinson., pero que también se bautizó a sí misma de diversas formas: Emilie, Daisy, Hermana Emily, tía Emily y simplemente Dickinson.
[1]

Su aislamiento o refugio en la casa paterna, esa vida casi de niña que llevó, en oposición al rol de “mujer y esposa” que se esperaba de las jóvenes de su época, parecen corresponderse a una elección forzada que le permitió dedicarse a la poesía y no sólo escribir gran cantidad de poesía, sino escribir gran cantidad de poesía asombrosamente innovadora, poesía llena de errores gramaticales y excentricidades estilísticas que sólo una niña loca podría escribir.
[2]

Pero esta misma máscara infantil, fue un encierro, una prisión ineludible: la encerró en la casa de su padre, del mismo modo que una niña es confinada en su cuarto.

Pero una niñita que “juega” a crear todo un jardín de versos, ¿no triunfa sobre el mundo práctico de padres, señores, maestros y hogares? Si es así, ¿no es la niñita en realidad un adulto encubierto, uno de los Elegidos, incluso una reina o emperatriz ignorada?
[3]

Dickinson misma medita sobre esto:

Luego –el tamaño de esta “pequeña” vida-
Los Sabios –la llaman pequeña-
Creció –como los Horizontes-en mi veste-
Y- con delicadeza-me sonreí-¡“pequeña!”.

En algún momento de comienzos o mediados de 1862, Emily Dickinson decidió llevar su famoso vestido blanco, quizás primero de forma intermitente, para algunas ocasiones, pero luego de forma constante, con lo que este traje extraordinario se convirtió en un hábito ordinario.

Ahora, este traje blanco de Emily Dickinson es una hoja de luz de doble filo asociada tanto con la llama como con la nieve, tanto con el triunfo como con el martirio...representa paradójicamente una intensidad divina y una ausencia divina, la inocencia del amanecer y la frigidez de la muerte, la pasión de la novia y la nieve de la virgen...Por último, en el s. XIX, era un color claramente femenino, elegido con frecuencia como símbolo por las mujeres o para ellas por razones que Emily Dickinson parece haber entendido bastante bien.
[4]

El vestido blanco parece encarnar, entonces, otra ironía, otro juego poético de Emily Dickinson.

Emily Dickinson murió de una enfermedad renal, a los 56 años.
Sus restos yacen en el cementerio de Amherst, junto a sus padres y su hermana. Allí, sus lectores suelen ir a dejar flores, pero, salvo que uno lea la inscripción en la piedra, nada indica que esa es la tumba de una de las mayores poetas de América.
Su lápida dice: “Born in 1830, Called Back in 1886”, según lo que ella misma había pedido a su hermana.
Emily dejó claras órdenes para su funeral: un cajón blanco, un vestido blanco, lilas sobre el pecho, y que nadie, nadie tuviera la oportunidad de verla, ni siquiera muerta. Y que sacaran el cajón por la puerta trasera de la casa.

Laura Forchetti

J 443

Ato mi Sombrero – doblo mi Chal –
Las pequeñas tareas de la vida hago
- con precisión -
Como si lo más mínimo
Fuera infinito – para mí –

Pongo nuevas Flores en el Vaso –
Y tiro las viejas – lejos – afuera
Saco un pétalo de mi Vestido
Que anclaba allí – y sopeso
El tiempo que habrá hasta las seis en punto –
Tengo tanto que hacer –
Aunque – existencia – algún tiempo atrás
Paró – borró – mi tictac – por completo

No podemos dejar Nuestro Ser aparte
En tanto Hombre consumado
O Mujer – Cuando el encargo está cumplido
Llegamos a la Carne – de nuevo –
Puede haber – Millas sobre Millas de Nada –
De Acción – más morbo lejos
De simular – es trabajo punzante
Esconder lo que somos
A la Ciencia – y a la Cirugía –
Ojos demasiado Telescópicos
Para soportar sobre nosotros sin pantalla –
Para el bien – de ellos – no para el Nuestro.

Los sorprendería –
Podríamos – temblar –
Pero desde que conseguimos una Bomba –
Y la sostuvimos en el Pecho –
No! – aguántala – está en clama

Entonces –realizamos la labor de la vida –
Aunque en vida la Recompensa – se cumpla –
Con escrupulosa exactitud –
Por mantener nuestros Sentidos activos

Versión de Delfina Muschietti

SOY NADIE
Soy nadie. ¿Tú quién eres?

¿Eres tú también nadie?
Ya somos dos entonces. No lo digas:
lo contarían, sabes.

Qué tristeza ser alguien,
qué público: como una rana
decir el propio nombre junio entero
para una charca admiradora.

TAN LEJOS DE LA PIEDAD COMO LA QUEJA
Tan lejos de la piedad, como la queja -
tan frío a la palabra -como la piedra -
inconmovible a la revelación
como si mi oficio fuera de hueso -
tan lejos del tiempo -como la historia -
tan cerca de uno mismo -
hoy -
como niños, a las bufandas del arco iris -
a la puesta de sol a su juego amarilloa
los párpados en el sepulcro -
¡cuán mudo yace el danzarín -
cuando las revelaciones del color se rompen -
y resplandecen -
las mariposas!

[1] Gilbert, S. Y Gubar, S.: La loca del desván. La escritora y la imaginación literaria del siglo XIX. Ediciones Cátedra. Universidad de Valencia. Instituto de la mujer. Madrid, 1998. Pág.571
[2] Idem. Pág. 579
[3] Idem. Pág. 595
[4] Idem. Pág. 601

Audio poema a Emily Dickinson de Laura Forchetti

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